Aes rude (Rough bronze)

As commerce eventually developed, the Romans felt the need of having a more effective medium of exchange.  To address this need, people used lumps of bronze called aes rude as money.  The values of aes rude were according to their weight – heavier lumps constituted higher value.

Aes signatum (Signed bronze)

Later, the ancient coins were standardized by marking designs on the cast lumps of bronze.  These were called aes signatum which meant signed bronze.  With weight still as the measure for value, marked “coins” had to be broken when smaller denominations were needed. These were used during 290 - 235 BC.
 
Aes grave (Heavy bronze)

Aes grave or heavy bronze came to the Roman currency around 269 BC and was considered the first true Roman coins.  These coins were more practical and convenient to use for they had varying shapes and recognizable designs to distinguish different denominations and values.

The aes grave became very largely used by the Romans in their trade. Eventually as time went on, the Romans learned the skills of etching more elaborate portraits and marks on their coins.

Identifying your old Roman coins

On the obverse or heads of the ancient coin
 
a.) Portrait of the reigning emperor; the image of an emperor’s relative such as his son
 
b.) Legend – the wording etched right below the rim (outline) of the coin above the emperor’s head; usually the legend would be the name of whose portrait appeared on the coin.
 
c.) Headdress of the emperor – if a portrait does not have a headdress (or any ornaments on the head) it may signify a person of lower rank than an emperor
 
d.) Bust type – the drapery or armor that is worn by the image on the coin would show his rank or status in the government or society

On the reverse or tails of the antique Roman coin
 
a.) Motif – the motif is the image or message stamped on the coin.  It usually recorded certain important events during the specific period that the coin was issued; sometimes the motifs portray religious images or commemorate won wars.  

Some historians suppose that the coins were also used as “newspapers” during the reign of the Roman Empire..
 
b.) Legend – in the reverse side of the ancient coin, the legend or wording right below the rim of the coin would briefly describe what the motif is about.
 
c.) Exergue – was similar to a track mark that would tell where the coins were minted (like a mint mark in modern coins)
 
The market value of Roman coins

Factors affecting the value of Roman coins include authenticity, grade or condition, rarity, historical significance, and eye appeal.  In general, coins from the ancient Roman civilization are affordable because of the large number of old Roman coins available in the market today.  Collecting Roman coins is said to be the hobby of novice and low-budget collectors.

To know the prices of Roman coins from early eras, refer to online price guides or printed Roman coin catalogs.  You can also avail of coin appraisal services.